Tuesday, 4 July 2006 - 12:00 AM
DEVIP-46

Using the enzymes' property of selective interaction in registration of little quantity of substances

Hamlet G. Badalyan, Lilit H. Sedrakyan, and Lyudmila Arushanyan. Physical Department, Yerevan State University, Alec Manoogyan,1, Yeravan, Armenia

The investigations on creation and application of the biosensors have wide development now. Biosensors are the miniature devices, which are transforming the received specific biological or chemical interactions in an electric signal. Such heightened interest is caused by the large opportunities of practical application of biosensors in the industry, agriculture, biology, ecology, medicine and many other areas of science and techniques, when there is a problem to determine quickly the minimal contents of some substances in a great number of substances among the chemical formations or biological components with similar properties. The toxic, poisonous substances take a special place among the substances which contents is very important to be able to determine. For example it is important to be able to determine their quantity in foodstuff manufacture (tea, wine and others), medicine, criminalistics, etc. Lakkaza, triosinaza, phenoloxidaza and other enzymes possess property of selective interaction with similar substances. However up to now any industrial device for definition of their concentrations is not created, though there are nonexpendable sensors for definition of concentration of glucose, licin, and ethanol. We have developed such model and have carried out laboratory researches on definition of toxic substance concentration, especially of phenol. In our model we used phospholipid bilayers with immobilisated enzymes as a biosensitive element, and the generator based on flat coil we used as a detector. Researches were carried out in two basic directions. The first - research of enzyme – lipid two-layer system for various enzymes, of its structure and physical properties, and their changes under external influences, of its stability and activity. The second - research of opportunities to register very small changes of the enthalpy system ( about asymp10-7 K change of temperature) during biological reaction of enzyme interaction with disclosed substance and changes of system's conductivity (change of electrons' concentration about 10-17 m-3 with help of the helicoidal coil generator. After plotting of the enzyme – lipid bilayer system on the generator's flat coil, its own frequency was registered. In an outward environment as a result of selective interaction with various substances, bilayer system's temperature and conductivity were changed, which in its turn changed generator's own frequency approximately to 2-3 MHz. Thus, by measuring of the generator's frequency changes, we determined changes of the attractive substances quantity, using its enzyme's property of selective interaction and record sensitivity of the flat coil generator (toxic substances' concentration within the limits of about 10-6 - 10-8 m -3. The selection of suitable enzymes for each interested substance lets create a nonexpendable enzyme analyzer.


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