Takanori Matsumi, Tomohiro Tsuji, and Shigeomi Chono. Mechanical Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-cho, Kami-shi, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
The effect of twist angle on back-flow profiles of nematic liquid crystals has been experimentally investigated to develop liquid crystalline actuators. A nematic liquid crystalline material, 5CB, is filled between parallel glass plates whose gap distance is fixed at 50 micro-meters. ITO layers for electrodes and polyimide layers for molecular orientation anchoring are coated on the inside surface of the glass plates. The cells with various types of twist angles are prepared to explore the effect of twist angle. The proper amount of the polystyrene particle, whose diameter is 2.5 micro-meters, is mixed in the liquid crystal to visualize the back-flow. The liquid crystalline cell is placed under the polarized microscope and the electric fields are imposed on the cell. The movement of the particle is obtained by analyzing the microscope images. The profiles in gap direction is measured by observing the movement of the in-focus particle when the microscope focus is set to the observation depth. When the twist angle is 0deg, the induced velocity in the upper half region of the cell is opposite to the velocity in the lower half region. In this case, the velocity profile is antisymmetric S-shaped and consequently the induced total flow rate is 0. As the twist angle increase, the ratio of the upper region to the lower region decrease, and then the anti-symmetric velocity profile for 0 deg twist angle is broken into the asymmetric S-shaped velocity profile. For the asymmetric profiles, it is obvious that the total flow rate no longer remains 0 and becomes a finite value. The total flow rate becomes maximum when the twist angle is set to be 180 deg. It is also shown that the experimental results obtained in this work is in good agreement with the simulation results computed using the Leslie-Ericksen continuum theory. Finally, the application of back-flow to the liquid crystalline actuators will be proposed.
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